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Пусть сначала объяснят разницу в смертности между Италией/Испанией и Сингапуром/Израилем/Кореей.
The relevance of sunlight exposure for COVID-19 is illustrated by comparing statistics involving Milan and Naples, Italy. It is claimed that little or no sunlight UV radiation reaches the earth during winter months in countries whose latitude is above 40 degrees5. Milan's latitude is significantly above 40 degrees (45.46N) and its COVID-19 epidemic accelerated rapidly in the winter month of February, 2020 (1). By May 21, 2020, its death rate was 15,729/million15. The latitude of Naples is 40.85N, 318 miles south of Milan's latitude; however, Naples has 59% sunny days per year16 compared with Milan's 43% sunny days17. On May 21, 2020 Naples death rate was 403/million compared with Milan's 15,729/million15, less than 3% of Milan's death rate. In this comparison, the fact that Naples is closer to the equator is less significant than the difference in their annual sunlight exposure. Compared with Milan, Naples enjoys 58 more sunny days per year ([59%x365] – [43%x365] = 58), which is nearly two more months of sunshine each year for its population. This comparison supports the hypothesis that the underlying mechanism behind the latitude-mortality correlation is due to differences in sunlight UV radiation and the subsequent levels of endogenous Vitamin D in the respective populations.
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An important limitation in this study is the unknown duration of time between the identification of first cases in a country and the reported death rates. All other factors being equal, death rates in a country where cases began to appear recently will appear lower than those in countries fighting the virus for a longer time. Such variability could raise or lower the numbers used in a correlation study depending on the country's latitude. That does not appear to have changed the striking difference between the death rates in Ireland and Singapore mentioned in the Introduction. On May 11, 2020 the “worldometer” reported 297 deaths per million in Ireland compared with 4 deaths per million in Singapore1. On June 20, 2020 the “worldometer” reported 347 deaths/million in Ireland and still only 4 deaths/million in Singapore21. Despite the fact that Singapore's COVID-19 case rate rose 75% (from 4,072/M to 7,152/M) and Ireland's only rose 10% (from 4,685/M to 5,141/M)21 and over 5 weeks have elapsed, Singapore's death rate has remained stable at 4 deaths/M. While Ireland appears to have slowed the rate of increased cases compared with Singapore, it now has a fatality rate that is 86 times higher than Singapore's. This paired comparison is not only consistent with a positive correlation between equatorial proximity and low fatality rates, it also shows that the difference in the reported death rates for this pair of countries is not the result of different time durations from diagnosis to mortality.
The above comparison may be an anomaly, and the fact remains that the unknown duration of time in our 88 countries from first identified cases to reported deaths represents a potential confound to these results. Statistical probability testing cannot eliminate this confounder, but may reduce the likelihood of falsely claiming a significant correlation. The more extreme the “p” value is, the lower the likelihood is of erroneously finding a correlation that is not there (i.e. of making a “type 1 error” in statistical hypothesis testing.)